Exploring the Fifth Dimension: Theology Meets Science
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The Fifth Dimension and Its Theological Implications
This might be the concluding entry in our series regarding the theological implications of a potential fifth dimension. Recent scientific discussions propose that such an additional dimension could unravel numerous scientific enigmas. But could it also clarify theological questions, such as the feasibility of believing in eternity or a New Creation?
Scientists have theorized that based on our current understanding of the universe, we face two potential outcomes: a "freeze" scenario or a "fry" scenario. The freeze scenario suggests that if the universe's expansion ceases, gravity will begin to pull matter back together, culminating in a Big Crunch. Conversely, the fry scenario, favored by many cosmologists, posits that entropy will prevail, causing galaxies to drift apart until the last photon fades into darkness and cold. Brian Greene narrates this poignant tale in his work, Until the End of Time.
These scenarios pose significant challenges for Christian theology, particularly regarding the narrative of creation's restoration. Theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg grappled with these concepts, contemplating time and eternity, while Robert John Russell further examined Pannenberg's thoughts in Time in Eternity: Pannenberg, Physics and Eschatology in Creative Mutual Interaction. Russell is renowned for addressing the intersections of Christian theology and science, emphasizing how physicalist interpretations of science challenge eschatology—the study of creation's restoration:
"In discussing 'time and eternity,' we must confront the obstacles scientific cosmology presents to Christian eschatology. Scientific predictions of a cosmic future of 'freeze' or 'fry' undermine, even render pointless, an eschatology analogously based on the bodily resurrection of Jesus."
For those familiar with previous discussions surrounding the theological considerations of the fifth dimension, the narrative progresses. Initially, all dimensions existed in harmony. The first humans bore the image of God, which included a rational, conscious mind and a soul capable of perceiving and communicating with the Creator. They inhabited a unified creation, equipped with senses to engage with the "spiriton" we previously proposed. Heaven and earth coexisted in harmony, and their relationship with the Creator, as depicted in the Biblical account of the Garden, was one of deep intimacy and friendship.
The Fall and Its Consequences
However, the Fall introduced devastation that reverberated throughout history. It not only influenced future events but also demonstrated the retrocausality that physicist Tim Andersen identifies as essential to quantum physics. While we perceive this as a backward movement in time, it is a limitation of our temporal perspective. The consequences of the Fall extend beyond our linear understanding because time exists as an eternal present in the fifth dimension. The death, which God warned would befall humanity, manifested itself in their newfound awareness of their nakedness, the spiritual death resulting from the withdrawal of the Spirit of Life, and the impending physical demise—"dust to dust," they were reminded.
All of creation trembled and began to decay due to disobedience, as unity was fractured, creating a significant divide between our four-dimensional reality and the fifth dimension, where God and spiritual beings continue to exist. This dimension, often referred to as heaven in the Bible, aligns with the scientific suggestion of a fifth dimension, where God reigns supreme. The Incarnate Lord instructs us to pray for God's reign in this dimension to be realized in our limited four-dimensional experience.
When Will This Occur?
When will this reunification happen? It has already begun. It occurred at the inception of creation and will unfold in the future. It is currently in progress. In the book of Revelation, Jesus proclaims, "I am the Alpha and Omega—the beginning and the end." How is this possible? It seems implausible if we view time as linear, where one event follows another. If we consider time as a sphere, then the Alpha and Omega can coexist simultaneously for all time. Where does one locate the beginning or end of a free-floating sphere?
In this framework, the most pivotal moment in human history was the incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection of the Messiah, who emerged from humble beginnings in a Mid-Eastern village. The resurrection stands as a crucial event, illustrating that the Messiah's suffering and death reopened the gateway to the fifth dimension.
The narrative of Christ's crucifixion features the tearing of the temple veil, which separated the Holy of Holies—accessible only to a priest once a year—from the rest of the temple. Could this signify God's removal of the barrier that divided unified creation from the four-dimensional realm of punishment?
This historical event transpired approximately 2000 years ago. While this may seem distant, the resurrection heralded the kingdom of heaven, central to Jesus' teachings. He proclaimed that the kingdom is now, is among us, and is here, yet it remains to come. This paradox raises questions about how we can reconcile these seemingly contradictory states.
Pannenberg and Russell’s Insights
We revisit Pannenberg and Russell's scientific explorations, where two crucial concepts arise: co-presence and prolepsis. Co-presence closely aligns with Tim Andersen's notion of time, incorporating an additional time dimension. History is dynamic, mutable, and fluid. Andersen elucidates how this second time dimension resolves the grandfather paradox associated with time travel and quantum physics' retrocausality:
"Because we navigate in a second time dimension, we can prevent B [killing your grandfather and halting your birth] and eradicate the retrocausal connection from history, as we are permitted to 'change the past' without paradox. This is possible because all of history is capable of movement and alteration within that second time dimension."
Russell links co-presence with the phenomenon of quantum entanglement:
"The analogy is as follows: 1) In quantum non-separability, different spatial events maintain their respective contexts. Similarly, eternal co-presence allows different temporal moments to preserve their individual pasts and futures. 2) For quantum non-separability, spatial events are interlinked, reflecting an underlying non-separable ontology. Likewise, eternal co-presence allows temporal moments to be 'temporally entangled,' unified by the continuous duration of eternity in which they coexist 'simultaneously' without temporal conflation. This quantum analogy provides insight into the notion of co-presence in eternity as an ontology of temporal non-separability. This analogy is unavailable if we confine ourselves to the ordinary human experience described by classical physics and modern philosophy."
In simpler terms, Russell argues that if our scientific understanding indicates that two particles can share the same state across vast distances, then two events can share the same temporality despite existing years apart. This reiterates Andersen's perspective on time within an additional dimension.
The Future is Now
The theological concept of prolepsis relates to the disappearance of past, present, and future. Russell articulates Pannenberg's view:
"Pannenberg asserts that the bodily resurrection of Jesus is proleptic, serving as an anticipation, manifestation, and concrete representation within history of the reality of the transhistorical eschatological future."
This idea requires further exploration. The eschatological future signifies the New Creation, an event Christians anticipate, echoing Julian of Norwich's assurance that "all shall be well." It represents a reversal of the Fall, a complete restoration to the state of the Garden of Eden. Pannenberg posits that it is not merely a future event, but rather the "appearance and concrete manifestation" of that reality.
As the Fall reached back in time from our limited perspective to taint all creation, the resurrection reaches backward, forward, and throughout all of our present moments, embodying both reality and hope. Russell highlights Pannenberg's assertion:
"In the ministry of Jesus, the futurity of the Reign of God became a force shaping the present..."
Recall Andersen's description of history's dynamic nature within the extra time dimension. He explained that this perspective eliminates retrocausality, ensuring the grandfather remains safe. The present is shaped by a fluid past and a contingent future, with the resurrection empowering the present through the kingdom of God.
In John's Revelation, the beloved disciple envisioned heaven merging with earth:
"Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea. I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband."
The imagery and poetic language are captivating, despite potential doubts regarding the New Creation's nature—especially concerning the absence of a sea or the necessity of an urban setting. Personally, I prefer water, nature, and rural landscapes over city life.
The essence here is the convergence of heaven and earth, echoing the image of the Garden—the pre-Fall paradise—where the created heavens and earth existed in unity. The eschaton represents this rejoining. The resurrected body of the craftsman from Nazareth serves as tangible evidence of profound truth. While the event of total re-creation is anticipated, it is also very much present in the fullness of all dimensions.
Space and Time: A New Perspective
Space is in motion, and we navigate within it. Time, too, is fluid. However, what if we could traverse time as we do space? The notion of an extra time dimension renders such considerations increasingly plausible.
Adjusting to the Unconventional
Contemplating these speculations about the fifth dimension and the spiritual realities described in the Bible often left me astonished. It’s no surprise that many struggle with the Christian narrative and its various interpretations. Talking snakes? A piece of fruit leading to universal upheaval? God roaming a garden searching for humans and then skinning animals for clothing? A baby born in the most abject circumstances, proclaimed not only a king but God himself? A humble craftsman tortured to death in an unimaginably cruel manner, only to emerge from his tomb three days later, displaying his wounds? Billions of individuals affirming their belief and staking their lives on these events?
All of this seems far removed from our everyday experiences. Its strangeness can be off-putting. Yet, the solution isn't to retreat into some "reasonable" interpretation of our world. If we want to discuss the truly bizarre, let’s consider science: particles connected over vast distances? Existence defined solely by relationships between minute energy vibrations? The countless massive stars, galaxies, and black holes emerging from a singular, infinitesimal point? Over 95% of our universe comprises elements we can barely comprehend? Entire new universes being birthed trillions of times each second? And now, the concept of a fifth dimension challenging our conventional understanding of time?
If the idea of additional dimensions sparks further interest, we must adapt to concepts such as a fluid history, time as a chord or sphere, and portals from hidden realms emitting energy at astonishing rates. We should envision our three-dimensional world as a brane within a vastly larger universe. We must become familiar with the 95% of the universe that currently eludes our understanding.
Those who contemplate criticizing believers who take these stories seriously, if not literally, ought to remember that they inhabit a fragile glass house. Let us approach these intriguing inquiries with genuine curiosity and humility.
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